Bitcoin is not merely a form of money; it is also a decentralised network that manages and secures the ledger. Recently, the Bitcoin network celebrated its 16th anniversary, having mined its first block on 3 January 2009. As the network matures, an increasing number of individuals are expressing interest in the digital commodity.
As the VND continues to weaken against the USD, more and more people are looking to alternatives to save their money, and Bitcoin is the cryptocurrency of choice. Vietnam has the third highest rate of cryptocurrency adoption globally as of 2023, and the highest in Southeast Asia. However, Vietnam is falling behind in the APAC region regarding digital asset innovation and regulation.
The mBridge consortium is a Chinese initiative to use Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), or digital currencies issued by central banks, for example, the e-CNY, in cross-border settlements. This project includes partnerships with the Bank of Thailand and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority among others. mBridge is currently at a minimum-viable product stage.
Hong Kong has continued to embrace digital assets by launching exchange-traded funds (ETFs) for Bitcoin and Ethereum in April of last year, just months after the US simultaneously launched 11 Bitcoin ETFs. These ETFs allow investors and fund managers to gain exposure to Bitcoin without directly purchasing and holding the asset. Importantly, they are overseen by the local financial regulator, for example the Securities and Futures Commission in Hong Kong.
In 2024, the Monetary Authority of Singapore granted licenses to OKX and Gemini exchanges, and now has 81 crypto exchanges in operation, although they do not presently have any crypto ETFs available to investors.
For now, Vietnam is dragging its heels, and while owning and trading bitcoin is not illegal, it still cannot be used as payment for goods and services. This makes it difficult for businesses and startups to embrace the technology without clear ground rules.